{"id":2664,"date":"2025-10-08T22:25:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-08T20:25:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/karpatskyarchiv.eu\/?post_type=manual_kb&p=2664"},"modified":"2026-09-24T21:23:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T19:23:14","slug":"josef-karel-matocha","status":"publish","type":"manual_kb","link":"https:\/\/karpatskyarchiv.eu\/cs\/digitalnyarchiv\/josef-karel-matocha\/","title":{"rendered":"Josef Karel Matocha"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Josef Karel Matocha (* 14. kv\u011btna 1888, Pit\u00edn, \u2020 2. listopadu 1961, Olomouc), dvan\u00e1ct\u00fd arcibiskup olomouck\u00fd a metropolita moravsk\u00fd v letech 1948\u20131961.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017divot<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Josef Karel Matocha se narodil 14. kv\u011btna 1888 jako p\u00e1t\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b sv\u00fdch rodi\u010d\u016f. Matka Marie, rozen\u00e1 Chmelov\u00e1 z Host\u011bt\u00edna (nar. 2. 7. 1861 Pit\u00edn, zem\u0159ela 15. 11. 1941 Olomouc), p\u0159ivedla na sv\u011bt 11 d\u011bt\u00ed (7 dcer a 4 syny). Otec Josef (nar. 17. 3. 1856 Pit\u00edn, zem\u0159el 23. 6. 1934 Pit\u00edn) byl v obci uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm kov\u00e1\u0159em, v\u011bnoval se zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a jeho znalosti obyvatel\u00e9 obce vyu\u017e\u00edvali p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed dobytka \u010di zabija\u010dk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Josef Karel nav\u0161t\u011bvoval obecnou \u0161kolu v Pit\u00edn\u011b, pot\u00e9 v Komni, v roce 1900 za\u010dal stu-
dovat na gymn\u00e1ziu v Uhersk\u00e9m Hradi\u0161ti, odkud v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm \u0161koln\u00edm roce p\u0159estou-
pil do Arcibiskupsk\u00e9ho chlapeck\u00e9ho semin\u00e1\u0159e v Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Po maturit\u011b v roce 1908
zah\u00e1jil studia na Gregori\u00e1nsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, jako seminarista pob\u00fdval v Collegiu
Germanico-Hungaricu. B\u011bhem studia postupn\u011b slo\u017eil bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a licenci\u00e1tsk\u00e9
zkou\u0161ky filozofie a n\u00e1sledn\u011b teologie. V roce 1915 po slo\u017een\u00ed rigor\u00f3zn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek a ob-
h\u00e1jen\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce na t\u00e9ma Zda-li je nutna \u201emotio physica\u201c ve v\u00fdkladu milosti \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 byl
prohl\u00e1\u0161en 7. kv\u011btna doktorem bohoslov\u00ed.
Na kn\u011bze byl Josef Karel Matocha vysv\u011bcen ji\u017e 15. srpna 1914 v kostele sv. Pastora
nedaleko \u0158\u00edma, svou primi\u010dn\u00ed m\u0161i slou\u017eil druh\u00e9ho dne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kn\u011bz a u\u010ditel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Po ukon\u010den\u00ed studi\u00ed byl mlad\u00fd kn\u011bz ustanoven kooper\u00e1torem v Sobot\u00edn\u011b, kde p\u016fsobil a\u017e do
roku 1919, kdy byl povol\u00e1n do rod\u00edc\u00ed se \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy jako vojensk\u00fd kur\u00e1t. Vojen-
skou slu\u017ebu vykonal od 1. b\u0159ezna do 15. prosince 1919 jako duchovn\u00ed spr\u00e1vce vojensk\u00e9 ne-
mocnice v Ru\u017eomberku, kde dos\u00e1hl hodnosti \u0161t\u00e1bn\u00edho kapit\u00e1na.
Po n\u00e1vratu z vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby vyu\u010doval \u0159\u00edmskokatolick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed na evangelick\u00e9m
lyceu a na st\u00e1tn\u00ed lidov\u00e9 \u0161kole v Bratislav\u011b a v letech 1921\u20131923 p\u016fsobil jako st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fd profesor
k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 filozofie a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed dogmatiky na diec\u00e9zn\u00edm bohosloveck\u00e9m u\u010dili\u0161ti
v Nit\u0159e. V roce 1923 se vr\u00e1til na Moravu, kde byl ustaven suplentem k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 filozofie a
spekulativn\u00ed dogmatiky na Cyrilometod\u011bjsk\u00e9 bohosloveck\u00e9 fakult\u011b v Olomouci. V roce 1925 se habilitoval na soukrom\u00e9ho docenta k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 filozofie, v roce 1927 se stal mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm profesorem a kone\u010dn\u011b 30. \u010dervna 1931 jej prezident republiky T. G. Masaryk jmenoval \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm profesorem k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 filozofie a spekulativn\u00ed dogmatiky. Od dvac\u00e1t\u00fdch let se tak\u00e9 zab\u00fdval problematikou unionistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, dlouh\u00e1 l\u00e9ta p\u016fsobil ve veden\u00ed Apo\u0161tol\u00e1tu sv. Cyrila a Metod\u011bje, Akademie velehradsk\u00e9, redigoval mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u010dasopis Acta Akademae Velehradensis atd. Krom\u011b odborn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti vypom\u00e1hal v duchovn\u00ed spr\u00e1v\u011b postupn\u011b u sv. Michala v Olomouci, v K\u0159elov\u011b a v Olomouci-Hej\u010d\u00edn\u011b. Po n\u00e1siln\u00e9m uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol nacisty roku 1939 byla zlikvidov\u00e1na i bohosloveck\u00e1 fakulta v Olomouci a v roce 1940 bylo Josefu Matochovi zak\u00e1z\u00e1no jak\u00e9koliv u\u010ditelsk\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed. B\u011bhem okupace se proto v \u00fastran\u00ed hej\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho domova v\u011bnoval v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b studijn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f pro sv\u00e9 budouc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arcibiskup olomouck\u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dne 7. b\u0159ezna 1947 zem\u0159el olomouck\u00fd arcibiskup Leopold Pre\u010dan a nov\u00e9 obsazen\u00ed stolce nebylo v dan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 situaci nijak snadnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kandid\u00e1t\u016f byl prel\u00e1t dr. Franti\u0161ek Cinek, nakonec v\u0161ak pape\u017e Pius XII.  23. b\u0159ezna 1948 jmenoval do Olomouce profesora teologie a filozofie Josefa Matochu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biskupsk\u00e1 konsekrace se konala v ned\u011bli 2. kv\u011btna 1948 v katedr\u00e1le sv. V\u00e1clava za \u00fa\u010dasti 18 a\u017e 20 tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Sv\u011btitelem byl Josef Beran, arcibiskup pra\u017esk\u00fd a primas \u010desk\u00fd, spolusv\u011btiteli ko\u0161ick\u00fd biskup Jozef \u010c\u00e1rsky a olomouck\u00fd sv\u011bt\u00edc\u00ed biskup Stanislav Zela. \u00da\u010dast t\u00e9to trojice byla pro nov\u00e9ho arcibiskupa symbolem spojen\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed zem\u00ed \u2013 \u010cech, Moravy a Slovenska. Sou\u010dasn\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipojil ke sv\u00e9mu k\u0159estn\u00edmu jm\u00e9nu Josef tak\u00e9 bi\u0159movac\u00ed Karel, aby se odli\u0161il od biskup\u016f Josefa Berana a Josefa Hloucha. Konsekrace a intronizace se z\u00fa\u010dastnila i po\u00fanorov\u00e1 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed delegace veden\u00e1 ministry Zde\u0148kem Nejedl\u00fdm, Alexejem \u010cepi\u010dkou a Josefem Plojharem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Jako prav\u00fd past\u00fd\u0159 se v nov\u00e9m postaven\u00ed od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f sna\u017eil o ka\u017edodenn\u00ed styk se sv\u00fdm sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm st\u00e1dcem. Horliv\u011b vizitoval, bi\u0159moval a k\u00e1zal, nav\u0161t\u011bvoval \u0161koly, z\u00e1vody a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdbory.  Nezapomn\u011bl ani na svou rodnou obec, kterou \u010dasto nav\u0161t\u011bvoval. Kdy\u017e se v roce 1949 uvolnilo m\u00edsto zdej\u0161\u00edho far\u00e1\u0159e, ustanovil od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spr\u00e1vcem farnosti Ludv\u00edka \u010cernocha, dosavadn\u00edho prefekta a ekonoma arcibiskupsk\u00e9ho semin\u00e1\u0159e v Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ei. Jemu tak\u00e9 sv\u011b\u0159il nesnadn\u00fd \u00fakol zajistit opravu star\u00e9ho a po\u0161kozen\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu v Pit\u00edn\u011b. Velk\u00e9 trhliny ve zdech a klenb\u00e1ch, zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 jednak v\u00fdbuchem bojkovick\u00e9 zbrojovky v roce 1944, ale tak\u00e9 pr\u016fjezdy t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch vlak\u016f a naru\u0161en\u00edm soudr\u017enosti sva\u017eit\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu, bylo nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159eba odstranit. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed oprav 25. listopadu 1951 bylo tehdy ji\u017e internovan\u00e9mu arcibiskupovi dovoleno posv\u011btit opraven\u00fd kostel, co\u017e byla posledn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva v jeho rodi\u0161ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            V polovin\u011b \u00fanora 1949 mohl arcibiskup Matocha nav\u0161t\u00edvit Vatik\u00e1n, kde se setkal s pape\u017eem Piem XII. a kde mu byly Svat\u00fdm stolcem ud\u011bleny mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 pravomoci. Po internaci pra\u017esk\u00e9ho arcibiskupa Josefa Berana v kv\u011btnu 1949 pak stanul v \u010dele \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch konferenc\u00ed, kdy musel \u010delit st\u00e1le s\u00edl\u00edc\u00edm repres\u00edm v\u016f\u010di katolick\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi, jako byl nap\u0159. z\u00e1kaz vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed katolick\u00e9ho tisku, likvidace teologick\u00e9 fakulty v Olomouci \u010di vznik kolaborantsk\u00e9 Katolick\u00e9 akce. Po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu z Vatik\u00e1nu byl ji\u017e tak\u00e9 trvale sledov\u00e1n St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed, p\u0159esto 14. \u0159\u00edjna 1949, t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm protic\u00edrkevn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, tajn\u011b vysv\u011btil ve sv\u00e9 kapli v arcibiskupsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci na biskupa Franti\u0161ka Tom\u00e1\u0161ka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e byl po\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1950 po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o podeps\u00e1n\u00ed slibu v\u011brnosti socialistick\u00e9mu z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, souhlasil jen za podm\u00ednky, \u017ee budou propu\u0161t\u011bni nez\u00e1konn\u011b v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a dodr\u017eov\u00e1na proklamovan\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 svoboda. Kdy\u017e t\u00edm prakticky odm\u00edtl p\u0159isluhovat re\u017eimu, nebo\u0165 podle jeho slov \u201enelze dv\u011bma p\u00e1n\u016fm slou\u017eit, p\u0159\u00edsahal jsem v\u011brnost Bohu, nemohu je\u0161t\u011b jednou p\u0159\u00edsahat na ateismus\u201c, byly mu zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny misie, duchovn\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed, bi\u0159mov\u00e1n\u00ed a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed vizitace a o Svat\u00e9m t\u00fddnu i v\u0161echny liturgick\u00e9 funkce. Od Bo\u017e\u00edho hodu velikono\u010dn\u00edho 1950 pak byl internov\u00e1n ve sv\u00e9m byt\u011b v arcibiskupsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci a\u017e do sv\u00e9 smrti v roce 1961. Po celou dobu m\u011bl vypnut\u00fd telefon, vzali mu r\u00e1dio, v p\u0159edpokoji byl st\u00e1le hl\u00edd\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkem St\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd ho prov\u00e1zel i na proch\u00e1zky v zahrad\u011b za pal\u00e1cem a nosil mu j\u00eddlo. Jen sporadicky, a to v prvn\u00edch l\u00e9tech internace, dovolili arcibiskupovi vystoupit na ve\u0159ejnosti. D\u016fvod byl dvoj\u00ed \u2013 jednak jako divadlo pro sv\u011bt, aby v\u0161ichni vid\u011bli, \u017ee je \u017eiv a nen\u00ed v\u011bzn\u011bn, jednak jako forma n\u00e1tlaku na arcibiskupa, aby byl povoln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Od druh\u00e9 poloviny roku 1952 v\u0161ak ji\u017e z rezidence nevy\u0161el a ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy k n\u011bmu musely b\u00fdt schv\u00e1leny vl\u00e1dn\u00edm zmocn\u011bncem a z\u00e1le\u017eelo zcela na jeho libov\u016fli, koho pustil a koho ne. Kdy\u017e se n\u011bkomu poda\u0159ilo k arcibiskupovi dostat, v\u017edy byl rozmluv\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomen. Jeho prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mu byla t\u00e9\u017e p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na cenzurovan\u00e1 po\u0161ta. Po dobu internace byly v podstat\u011b propou\u0161t\u011bny jen blahop\u0159ejn\u00e9 pozdravy od rodiny k v\u00e1no\u010dn\u00edm a velikono\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tk\u016fm a k sv\u00e1tku sv. Josefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jako jsou \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o \u017eivot\u011b arcibiskupa Matochy v dob\u011b jeho internace, tak jsou ur\u010ditou nejasnost\u00ed op\u0159edeny i okolnosti jeho \u00famrt\u00ed. Zem\u0159el podle l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy na srde\u010dn\u00ed infarkt ve \u010dtvrtek 2. listopadu 1961. V p\u00e1tek 3. listopadu ve\u010der se v arcibiskupsk\u00e9m byt\u011b se\u0161li z\u00e1stupci ministerstva vnitra, ministerstva \u0161kolstv\u00ed a kultury, krajsk\u00e9ho a okresn\u00edho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho v\u00fdboru a kapituly. Zde byl dojedn\u00e1n zp\u016fsob poh\u0159bu, m\u00edsto jeho kon\u00e1n\u00ed i kdo bude vykon\u00e1vat poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ob\u0159ady. Bylo tak\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzeno, \u017ee nebude vyd\u00e1no \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 smute\u010dn\u00ed ozn\u00e1men\u00ed, ani sd\u011blen\u00ed v arcidiec\u00e9zn\u00edm ob\u011b\u017en\u00edku nebo v novin\u00e1ch. Smute\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ady v Olomouci, kter\u00e9 vedl ro\u017e\u0148avsk\u00fd biskup Robert Pobo\u017en\u00fd, prob\u011bhly v pond\u011bl\u00ed jen v v kapli arcibiskupsk\u00e9 rezidence, pot\u00e9 byla rakev bez pr\u016ftahu nalo\u017eena do auta a odvezena do Pit\u00edna. Zde ob\u0159ady za\u010daly ve 14. hodin a skon\u010dily za 45 minut, zvon\u011bn\u00ed bylo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Poh\u0159ebn\u00ed \u0159e\u010d p\u0159e\u010detl z cenzurovan\u00e9ho listu p\u0159\u00edtel zem\u0159el\u00e9ho krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fd probo\u0161t Franti\u0161ek Kutal. K cenzu\u0159e musel b\u00fdt pozd\u011bji rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159edlo\u017een n\u00e1vrh pomn\u00edku a n\u00e1pis na n\u011bm. Diec\u00e9zn\u00edm kn\u011b\u017e\u00edm byla zpr\u00e1va o \u00famrt\u00ed arcibiskupa pod\u00e1na a\u017e 10. listopadu, tedy 4 dny po poh\u0159bu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pam\u00e1tka na zem\u0159el\u00e9ho mu\u010dedn\u00edka<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Po \u00famrt\u00ed 12. olomouck\u00e9ho arcibiskupa se rozhostilo na dlouh\u00fdch sedm let velk\u00e9 ml\u010den\u00ed. A\u017e v roce 1968 byla tato um\u011bl\u00e1 hr\u00e1z protr\u017eena. Vedle n\u011bkolika novinov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f to byla zejm\u00e9na ned\u011ble 5. kv\u011btna, kdy bylo v d\u00f3m\u011b v Olomouci a ve v\u0161ech kostelech arcidiec\u00e9ze vzpomenuto 20. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jeho biskupsk\u00e9 konsekrace a 80. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed narozen\u00ed. V rodn\u00e9m Pit\u00edn\u011b se pak konala v sobotu 11. kv\u011btna nad jeho hrobem vzpom\u00ednkov\u00e1 slavnost. Slavnou m\u0161i slou\u017eil prvn\u00ed sekret\u00e1\u0159 zem\u0159el\u00e9ho Josef Mo\u0161t\u011bk, asistovali mu dal\u0161\u00ed b\u00fdval\u00ed Matochovi spolupracovn\u00edci Josef Ry\u0161ka a Josef Pr\u00e1\u0161ek, ceremoni\u00e1\u0159em byl Anton\u00edn \u0160ur\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd m\u011bl po m\u0161i je\u0161t\u011b vzpom\u00ednkovou promluvu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Posledn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed p\u0159ipomenout nekrvav\u00e9ho mu\u010dedn\u00edka p\u0159ed n\u00e1slednou normalizac\u00ed se stalo sv\u011bcen\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i nov\u00fdch zvon\u016f kostela sv. Stanislava, kter\u00e9 nahradily ty zni\u010den\u00e9 za 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Mezi nimi byl i zvon sv. Josefa, jeho\u017e  legenda na p\u0159edn\u00ed stran\u011b zn\u00ed: \u201eNA PAM\u00c1TKU PIT\u00cdNSK\u00c9HO ROD\u00c1KA ARCIBISKUPA OLOMOUCK\u00c9HO DR. JOSEFA KARLA MATOCHY. PIT\u00cdN L. P. 1970\u201c. Na zadn\u00ed stran\u011b je n\u00e1pis \u201eSVAT\u00dd JOSEFE, VYPRO\u0160UJ N\u00c1M DOBR\u00c9 PAST\u00dd\u0158E\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cestn\u00fd ob\u010dan Pit\u00edna  30. 3. 1948.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010coupek, Ji\u0159\u00ed: D\u011bjiny Pit\u00edna a p\u0159ifa\u0159en\u00fdch obc\u00ed Host\u011bn\u00edna a \u0160anova. Pit\u00edn 2015.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charouz, Jind\u0159ich Zden\u011bk, OPraem: Biskup \u2013 vyznava\u010d. Josef Karel Matocha 1888\u20131961.<\/em> Olomouc 1991.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Charouz, Jind\u0159ich Zden\u011bk, OPraem: Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mi v\u0161ak milost Bo\u017e\u00ed. \u017divot a internace biskupa-vyznava\u010de Josefa Karla Matochy (1888\u20131961). Praha 2022.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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